To enhance the topographic appearance of a vector map, a 3D effect can be created by adding a shadow map and blending it with other layers. This method improves visual depth and spatial understanding of the terrain.
The first step is to add the elevation model file named “DEM3D.tif”, located in the “09_3_effect3D” folder. This file can be added by going to Map > Add Data > Data. It is not necessary to keep the DEM raster layer visible during the process.
After the elevation model is added, a shadow map must be created using the “Hillshade” tool. This tool can be accessed from:
Analysis tab > Geoprocessing > Tools > Toolboxes > Spatial Analyst Tools > Surface > Hillshade
In the Hillshade tool, select “DEM3D.tif” as the input raster. This file is located in the “09_3_effect3D” folder. Then click on “Run” to generate the hillshade raster.
Creating a shadow map (Hillshade).
Once the hillshade layer is created (e.g., “HillSha_DEM31”), it should be moved to the top of the layer list in the “Contents” panel. With the layer selected, go to the “Raster Layer” tab in the main ribbon interface.
Within the “Effects” group, set the desired transparency using the “Transparency” slider. A value around 75% is typically effective to allow underlying layers to be visible.
Next, change the “Layer Blend” mode to “Multiply”. This blending option allows the hillshade effect to interact visually with the other layers, producing a more realistic topographic appearance.
These settings result in a final display that simulates a 3D terrain effect, adding visual depth and enhancing map readability.
Adding a 3D effect to a map.
