In the context of elevation data, interpolation is commonly used to create a continuous surface of elevation values across a given area, allowing for a better understanding of the terrain and potential analysis.
In this tutorial, we will use ArcGIS to interpolate elevation data from contour lines and a delimited area. The resulting map will show a continuous surface of interpolated elevation values, with different colors representing different elevations. This process can be useful for a variety of applications, including flood risk assessment, land-use planning, and natural resource management.
Now, let’s get started with the steps for interpolating elevation data in ArcGIS.
Data Preparation: The first step in interpolating elevation data is to ensure that you have the correct data. This may include terrain elevation data, such as a digital elevation model (DEM), contour lines, or elevation points. In this case, we will be working with contour lines and a delimited area, both layers in shp format.
- Open ArcGIS and go to ArcToolbox – Spatial Analyst Tools – Interpolation – Topo To Raster. Fill in the fields as follows:
- Under Contour lines, select CONTOUR, since it represents the terrain contour lines. The file should contain a field that contains the elevations of the contour lines.
- Under Delimited Area, select BOUNDARY, as it allows you to specify boundary conditions for the interpolation.
- Click on OK to start the interpolation process.
- Once the interpolation is complete, go to the layer properties and select a different color scheme. Click on the Classify button and use the Quantile method. Finally, smooth the contours.
The resulting map shows the interpolated elevation data. The red areas represent higher elevations, while the green areas represent lower elevations.
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